Peer-to-peer technology, often called P2P, what is it and what’s its importance for communities fighting for land rights? How it’s used in Crux, a tool designed to help Earth advocates.
The Evolution of Data Networks
Data networks were first developed by the U.S. military to be resilient and capable of functioning even if parts of it were damaged. Over the past 50 years, these networks have changed a lot. Nowadays, most digital technology relies on centralized systems known as “the cloud.” However, this setup isn’t perfect, especially for places where internet service is poor or doesn’t exist. Let’s look at the cloud and other options to see which works best for our partner organizations.
The cloud involves physical structures like cables, satellites, and servers. It requires a lot of resources and labor, from mining materials to managing e-waste.
Unfortunately, only a few big companies control cloud data, and they often don’t consider the community’s needs. A clear example was the scandal involving Facebook and Cambridge Analytica, where data misuse influenced an election and negatively impacted indigenous land rights.
Why Peer-to-Peer is Crucial for Mapping
Mapping greatly benefits from P2P technology. Unlike traditional internet systems controlled by major corporations, P2P operates independently. This means no big company can control it. Platforms like Crux BitTorrent and Blockchain are good examples of P2P technology. They allow network members to have full control, although this can make P2P systems complex to develop. Despite these challenges, the benefits, especially for protecting confidential community data, are significant.
Crux, created for and with indigenous communities, embodies P2P values like autonomy and decentralization. It helps these communities assert their land rights and protect their cultural heritage by providing a secure platform that respects their data sovereignty.
Offline Functionality
P2P networks can function offline as long as there are devices (peers) and ways to connect them, like WiFi networks. Even a smartphone can serve as a connection point. This means Crux can work without the internet, which is vital in remote areas.
Data Ownership and Security
In Crux, data is stored locally on devices and is only shared with explicit consent. This approach protects sensitive information, such as details about land boundaries and cultural practices, ensuring communities can manage their data as they see fit.
P2P networks also use strong encryption to keep data safe and unchanged. While no system is perfect, storing data across multiple devices helps prevent data loss.
Performance and Resilience
The speed of data exchange in Crux is not limited by internet bandwidth but by the local network setup. This local approach avoids the complications of global internet infrastructure.
Moreover, P2P systems like Crux are resilient to external failures or censorship. For example, during the global internet outage in 2021, P2P applications continued to function, proving their reliability in challenging situations.
Scalability
P2P technology is not only for small, local projects, it can scale up effectively. As more devices join the network, its capacity and speed grow. This is similar to how Torrent works, which shows that large-scale P2P networks are feasible and efficient.
Challenges and Future Developments
Despite its advantages, P2P technology faces challenges like distributing large files and maintaining data security as the network expands. We are focusing on improving our P2P protocols and architecture to make Crux more stable and efficient. This ongoing development will help us overcome issues that some partners have faced.
Understanding how the internet and P2P technology work can guide us in making better technological choices. We are excited about the upcoming version of Crux, which will bring enhanced stability and new features. Stay tuned for our next publications.
